Curriculum vitae et studiorum of Ciullo Giuseppe
*> Education and qualification <*
9 july 1985 Classic High School diploma (60/60), Liceo Classico “Socrate” Bari.
9 july 1992 Degree in Physics (110/110 cum laude) Università degli Studi of Bari.
Degree thesis title "Study and Realization of high intense electron source from GaAS ". under the supervision of Prof. L. Tecchio. Experimental activities at the “Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL)” of INFN, on realization, characterization and optimization of
a photoemission polarized electron source.
Advanced studies of Nuclear and Subnuclear Physics for the fellowship INFN (06/1994-05/1996).
18-29 september1995 CERN School: "Intermediate Accelerator Physics Course" Eger (Ungheria).
*> Scientific Activities (in short) <*
1991 Winner of National selection for INFN scholarship as degree student.
01/09 /91 - 31/8/1992 degree student at LNL on polarized electron source, responsability of design and realization of the electron source.
Experience: laser technique (Argon, He-Ne, Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF, Ti:Sapphire) continous and pulsed, Ultra high Vacuum and electron optics.
1/9/92 - 15/6/1993: post graduated student at INFN Legnaro and INFN Ferrara.
Characterization of electron source. Time response of the GaAs electron source and its use in RF cavity. Characterization of GaAs surface by Rutherford-Back-Scattering
16/6/93 - 15/6/94 Civil Service
1994 Winner of a National selection for a 2 years research scholarship at INFN.
1994 Award of Italian Physics Society (SIF) for "Scientific Industriousness".
16/6/94 - 15/6/96 – Post graduated researcher activity at LNL -INFN.
- a) Faisability studies of "Crystal Storage Ring" (CSR), design of a storage ring for ordered ions (crystal like ion beam). Electron cooling of ion beams, test performed at Legnaro and in collaboration with the Budker Institute of Novosibirsk (Russia). Tests and measurements "Hollow Cathode" electron source: a new innovative source for electron cooling .
Test on the adiabatic cooling of ions.
- b) Still studies on time response of GaAs source and its use for high speed detector.
- c) Partecipation to the project "Study of electron ion interaction using stored cooled heavy-ion beams" of "Human Capital and Mobility of the European Community", in this frame measurement of cooling force a the storage CRYRING (Stockholm).
2 may 1996 - Winner of a selection for experimental physics research (B01A) for engineering department at University of Lecce.
1/9/96 - 2/12/96 – Consultant of Istituto Trentino di Cultura for the “Centro di Fisica degli Stati Aggregati ed Impianto Ionico (CeFSA) “ of CNR (National Center of Research) (section o Trento).
- a) Feasibility studies and designs of a surface analysis vacuum chamber.
- b) Characterization studies of molecular beams.
November 1996 Winner of a research position at CNR of Trento
2/12/96 - Researcher at CEFSA - CNR of Trento
Activities:
Molecular beams characterization and optimization.
Responsible of design and realization of an apparatus for film deposition and its surface in situ analysisis. In this main frame he realized a system for the structural and elemental equipped with surface analysis standard devices (SEM, LEED, AES, UPS, XPS) and different sources (Hyperthermal Supersonic Beam) HSB and plasma sources. New results on the synthesis of SiC from fullerene on reconstructed Si and its “in situ” characterization.
October 1999 Winner of a Research position for experimental Physics (B01A) at the university of Ferrara.
1/11//99 – Research position at the physics department of Ferrara.
Activities “Polarized sources and targets for nuclear and sub-nuclear physics”.
INFN HERMES experiment performed on the HERA ring at DESY (Hamburg).
04/2000- 03/2006 National Scientific Consultant of the INFN National Committee III.
11/1999 –july 2005
In the main frame of HERMES activities:
Responsible of the HERMES polarized Target at DESY till July 2005(end of polarized runs).
Responsible of the SpinLab laboratory in Ferrara, equipped with two atomic sources (one unpolarized and the second polarized), devoted to test on atomic sources and TargeT. And, also to High Vacuum, Ultra High Vacuum technology and Cryogenics for research and teaching.
Responsible the CoCell Laboratory, devoted to the construction of the accumulation cell for the HERMES target.
From July 2005 Still responsible of SpinLab and CoCell laboratories.
Involeved in the design and production of the cell for the Recoil Detector still in the frame of
HERMES experiment (end of run july 2007).
*> Scientific Responsability: <*
2000 - today: Responsible of the SpinLab of Ferrara, devoted to atomic beam studies and its accumulation in the mainframe of international ad european group projects.
2000 - today: responsible of the CoCell, devoted to the construction fo accumulation cells for HERMES, Recoil Detector, Olympus at DESY (Hamburg), PAX and TRIC at COSY (Juelich).
2000-2005 co-responsible fo the operation of the HERMES polarized target.
2007 - 2009 co-responsible of the target of the HERMES Recoil Detector.
2006 – ro today: responsible of the target and the Breit-Rabi polarimeter for PAX.
2007- to today: responsible of the polarized atomic beam in Ferrara, in plan to be used for polarized cross-section studies, in the mainframe of the polarized fusion.
Previous
06/96-10/99: as CNR researcher at CeFSA (Trento):
responsible of the SiC synthesis project with the in situ analysis chamber(LEED, XPS, SEM, I-gun) and the supersonic seeded beam.
09/91-06/96: INFN students and fellowship: GaAS photoemission source,
and electron cooling laboratory. With an interruption of one year for civil service.
*> Collaboration, project <*
1992-1994 Electron cooling, Photocathode and "hollow cathode", INFN project .
1994-1996 SiC project, synthesis of SiC from Fullerene seeded supersonic beam, CNR projects.
2000-2007 HERMES INFN project.
2003-2005 PRIN “ Studio di reazioni SIDIS ep -> e'hX per l'analisi della trasversalita' del nucleone”.
2005 – today: PAX INFN project.
2006-2008 PRIN: Studio di effetti di spin trasverso nel nucleone attraverso reazioni DIS semi-inclusive ep -> e'hX, processi di Drell-Yan pbar p -> l+ l- e scattering elastico pbar p.
2007-2008 PAX proposal and INFN project.
2008 - today OLYMPUS presso il DESY di Amburgo.
2009 - today PAX INFN project: feasebility studies on proton beam at COSY.
2010-2012 PRIN: Studio di effetti di spin e impulso trasversi nel nucleone attraverso reazioni DIS semi-inclusive ep -> e'hX, processi di Drell-Yan pbar p -> l+ l- e scattering elastico pbar p.
*> Management or Coordination<*
2000 - 2006 Coordinator for Ferrara in the III INFN Committee (Nuclear Physics).
2000 - today: management of SpinLab, for two ABS, vacuum and cryosystems
2000 - today: coordination of Cocell lab,
2010 - today co-management of the SiLab, laboratory for the PAX detector.
All laboratories are involved in the activity of the group and
are also operated for master students,PhD students, and thesis works.
*> Responsibility for organization:<*
2001 Co-organizer of the Workshop “HERMES collaboration Meetings” Ferrara 22-25/5/2001.
2003 Co-organizer of the Workshop “MOLECULAR POLARIZATION International Meeting on Nuclear Molecular Polarization and related topics” 16-18/06/2003.
2006 Co-organizer of the “Discussion Meeting on the FAIR-GSI Antiproton source” Ferrara 15-16/12/2006.
2007 Co-organizer of the Workshop “ANKE/PAX Workshop on Spin Physics”, Ferrara 29/maggio-1/giugno 2007.
2008 Co-organizer of the Workshop “Transversity 2008 2nd Workshop on Transverse Polarization Phenomena”, 28-31/05/2008 Ferrara.
2009 Co-0rganizer of the Workshop “PST2009 XIII International Workshop on Polarized Sources, Targets and Polarimetry” 07-11/09/2009.
*> Responsability for popularization and high school stage <*
2000-2004 Coordinator of the popularization activities of the Physics Department like "open doors" for the cultural week, promoted by the
MIUR.
2009 - Coordinator of the stage activities for high school in the main frame of the "Progetto Lauree Scienfitiche" promoted by the MIUR.
*> Editorial roles:<*
- 2nd ANKE/PAX Workshop on SPIN Physics. Editors: A.Kacharava, V.Komarov, A.Kulikov, P.Lenisa, F.Rathmann, and H.Ströher
Edizioni Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich, Key Technologie, Vol. 11, ISBN 978-3-89336-586-9.
- Tranversity 2008 Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Transverse Polarization Phenomena in Hard Processes.
Editors: Ciullo G, Contalbrigo M., Lenisa P.
World Scientific Publishing. ISBN:9789814277778.
- Polarized Sources, Targets and Polarimetry: Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop, Ferrara, Italy, 7-11 September 2009
Editors: Ciullo G., Contalbrigo M., Lenisa P.
World Scientific Publishing. ISBN: 9789814324915.
*> Teaching :<*
- "Physics II" for CL in informatics 2001-2003.
- Assistant of "Dynamics Laboratory" for CL in Physics 2001-2009
- "Vacuum Technology and Nuclear Gaseous Target" in the course "Nuclear Physics Laboratory" 2000-2009
- Vacuum Technolgoy and Polarized Nuclear Target" for PhD students 2000 - still today.
- "Mechanics and Thermodynamics" CL in Mathematics 2003-2009.
- "Dynamics Laboratory and error Theory" CL in Fisica 2009-today.
- "Physics II" CL in informatics 2012 - .
Member of the Teacher College for the PhD school 2011 - today.
Supervisor of 7 thesis,
and supporter of every thesis related to the laboratories, in which
he is responsible.
*> Scientific Activity chronologically ordered<*
The scientific activity of Ciullo Giuseppe (CG)
could be distinguished in three period, according to the
different employers and locations, but all of them are interconnect
in exchanging competences and with common denominators:
competences and capabilities in making projects of international interests, but also with attention to promote local activities.
- INFN 91-96: during his first formation years as students and fellowship at the Laboratori Nazionali of INFN (Legnaro), he pursued the purpose of obtaining polarized electron from photocathode for their use in accelerators. During this activity CG, growing in experience, became responsible of the project and found solutions, which allow to get a longer lifetime and to use the GaAs Photocathode in RF source for their use in accelerators.
Together with this result, CG worked on a deeper insight knowledge of the emission process and transport of the electrons [A.V. Aleksandrov et al. PRE 51 (1995) 1449]. For this result the contribution of CG has been fundamental for his learned capability on working with Ultra-High-Vacuum, lasers, and the capability of interpreting experimental data and find theoretical model for the interpretation, this allow to get the longest lifetime observed [R. Calabrese, et al. RSI 65 (1994) 343].
Meanwhile he took part on cooling techinque for storage ring by electron beam, in order to achieve “crystalline” beam [L. Tecchio et al. NIM A 391 (1997) 31]. In this main frame he took part on a project on “hollow” cathode electron gun without bending magnet. And for this project he visited the Budker IStitute of Nuclear Physics , working simultaneously on the apparatus of Legnaro with Russian collaborators and on installations at Novosibirsk, mainly on the "Hollow cathode gun" [Ciullo G et al. RSI 69 (1997) 59].
Close to the end of the fellowship 06/96, he was constrained to find some work.
He attended a competition for university researcher in Lecce, and he overcame the examination, but he did not get the position.
In few months, CG won a second competition for CNR researcher contract of 5 years, showing his capability on solving new questions and his documented ability in building apparatuses, where are required knowledge on UHV, laser, ion and electron optics. The research program was to realize the following idea: thanks to the kinetic energy of a supersonic seeded molecular beam synthesis new materials.
CG studies and characterizes supersonic seeded molecular beam, and proposing a modified version, bring this source in working condition for deposition of different molecules, till the evaporable temperature of about 1200 C.
After the source, in two years CG designed, projected and realized a two chamber compact system, in which on chamber house the supersonic seeded source for Fullerene, in line with a second chamber, housing sample holder and electron spectroscopies system (LEED, XPS, Auger, e-gun , ion-gun, ion sputtering ecc.) for surface analysis.
Afterwards he got the goal of realizing for the first time the synthesis of SiC from supersonic seeded fullerene beams, but at a much lower temperature of the Si substrate 800 C
[G. Ciullo, Phil. Mag. B 80 (200) 635], when the usual temperature for the standard MBE is 1000 C.
This open a new door for the possibility of SiC for electronics applications [L. Aversa, R. Verucchi, G. Ciullo et al Appl. Surf. Sc. 184 (2001) 350).
The designed source for Fullerene, can be used with any evaporable molecole till the temperature of 1200 C, this open a new research line on polimeric molecule terthiophene, pentachene ecc.
In 1999 kept his promise to build up the apparatus, to be correct opening two lines of research, today still operative, CG informed the direction that he would look around for more promising workplace, or at least more stable, than his contract.
The wealth of knowledge and autonomy in different fields atomic and molecular physics, laser physics, ion-electron optics, surface science, building of apparatus and analysis of data ecc. allow him to investigate any field.
Therefore he propose himself in a competition of University research position at Ferrara, for which the main research argument are nuclear physics and are required competence on vacuum and atomic beams for the work on polarized nuclear gaseous target.
In October 1999 he won the competition and the new responsible required him to interrupt any previous activities, because the commitments for the Ferrara group are pressing.
He start immediatelly to be involved on the Target installed on the HERA (at DESY) for the HERMES experiment and start to organize a laboratory in Ferrara devote for test on gaseous polarized atomic beam sources.
During his staying in Italy, over few weekend, he found the way to taking over the information of the system builded in Trento, and was easy because the apparatuses were in perfect state and CG already had written the operating manual. Confirmation of this is that still now the activities are on, with the PhD students trained by him, and there is a publication of the technique idea with high impact factor like [R. Felici et al. Nature Mat. 4 (2005) 688].
CG in 1999 takes part immediately to the HERMES experiment and is involved to find solutions, and/or
Fulfill the commitments of the collaboration for the Ferrara group.
In April 2000, he is elected group Coordinator for the INFN Committee III (Nuclear Physics).
In this role in less than on year, he is able to fullfill the commitments of the HERMES collaboration, for the participation of Ferrara: management of he cryogenic system of the superconducting magnet of the target, connected with the temperature control of the cell, in serie with the SC magnet, and the construction of the accumulation cell starting from 2001.
Thanks to his experience and to the confidence of the INFN Committee III in financing his project at the end of 2000, and to the workshop of Ferrara, he was able to provide the first cell for installation in may 2001.
The cell is an interesting tool itself, and the target group report this information on a dedicated paper [C. Bamgarten et al. NIM A 496 (2003) 277].
Thanks to this responsability held by the Ferrara group, and coordinated and realized by CG, the HERMES experiment could continue and increase the time of data taking, with polarized target till 2005. From
then HERMES got the best data taking, thanks to a very nice and tuned target, and with increased areal density. This result projected Ferrara group in the international landscape of expert in polarized target.
Many papers are published on this technology in collaboration with the target group of HERMES, and
others works are available on conference or on internal report, some of them allow new test on idea
till now never tested [M. stancarti et al. NIM A 594 (2008) 126].
But let come on the physics we access in the deep inelastic scattering of lepton (electron or positron) on polarized nuclear target. The results obtained at HERMES are fundamental for the nuclear spin physics.
The synthesis reported here, is limited to the requirement for the “Abilitazione Nazionale”, therefore tuning the description of 10 last year, from 2012 behind, and limited in twelve papers.
**** BeginN: Last ten years activities and proposed papers for “Abilitazione Nazionale” ******
Let synthesize the activities of the last 10 years, tuning them on the publications.
CG reports a paper on the polarized atomic beam source [A. Nass et al. NIMA 505 (2003) 633], which is a reference in the field. This source was operated till the 2005 on HERMES, by the Ferrara Group in collaboration with other international institutions, therefore it was moved to COSY (Jülich- Germania), updated and commissioned for the experiment (PAX), proposed by the Ferrara group and international collaborator.
Closely related to the target is the following paper [C. Baumgarten et al., NIMA 482 (2002) 606] ,
also of international reference, which treats the diagnostic system of the target, so-called Breit-Rabi polarimeter.
This system is the “soul” of the target, because measure the population of any quantum state
in the cell. Now in under the direct management of CG, and the to collaborator of the group, also was moved with the ABS, from DESY,where was operated with the CG collaboration till 2005, in 2006 to COSY di Jülich, updated and commissioned for the PAX project, devoted to the study on how to polarize antiproton.
Coming back to the HERMES project, which aims to understand the nucleon spin as it come put from the contribution of its constituents (quarks e gluons) and their total orbital angular momentum.
The spin structure of the nucleon, can be investigated by the deep inelastic scattering of lepton probes (electron or positron) polarized on a nuclear polarized target. The HERMES nuclear polarized target,
was operated with hydrogen (polarized), and deuterium (polarized), and allow also the injection of unpolarized gas, for systematic studies, or also in order to access information on the unpolarized structure function.
The ductility of the target, in the inversion of the polarization in less than hundred seconds, the high polarization (80 %), the increased areal density thank to the cell, the purity of the target, allow to extrat a lot of information. As first attempt HERMES provides the measurements of the polarization of quark-up (positive), quark-down (negative), ed a zero contribution from the sea quarks, with a more statistics and very low systematic uncertainties [A. Airapetian et al. Phys. Rev D 71 (2005) 012003]. In this paper we report the decomposition of the contribution to the spin over the different flavours, measurements obtained from semi-inclusive asymmetries in polarized Deep Inelastic Scattering of leptons on longitunally polarized atomic hydrogen and deuterium target, this allow us to extract quark helicity distribution functions with fewer and different model assumption than before.
The ductility of the target allow us, thanks to the possibility of using deuterium, to determinate precisely the polarized structure function g1d for deuteron, and thanks also to the possibility of measuring g1p for proton, is possible to provide a precise measurement of the contribution of all the valence quarks, and a first moment of the helicity distribution function of the strange quarks [A. Airapetian et al. Phys Rev. D 75 (2007) 012007].
More information on the parton distribution of strange sea in the proton, we are able to extract from the inclusive and semi-inclusive-charged-kaon spin asymmetries on a deuterium target [A. Airapetian et al. Phys. Lett. B 666 (2008) 446].
CG in the period 2002-2005, is involved finding a solution for the transverse polarized target, in order have the possibility in HERMES via the modulation on azimuthal asymmetries, observed for lepton DIS on a transversely polarized target.
But the transverse magnet commissioned by the DESY, was not in the specification of the field homogeneity .Thanks to the initiative of CG and the available laboratory of SpinLab in Ferrara, Ferrara group was able to install directly on the cell a correction coils, fed by 100 A. This simple idea, was considered impossible, because the cell is cooled down to 60 K, by liquid helium flow.
The Ferrara group tested the idea at the SpinLab, and in a while HERMES got its transverse polarized
target that gives new insights in the spin structure of the nucleon.
For the first time Single Spin Asymmetries (SSA) in semi-inclusive DIS on a transverse polarized target were measured. The modulation of combination of this asymmetries are correlated with the transverse polarization of the quark, or in another case with the intrinsic transverse momentum of quarks, this signals are still under investigation. One information can be derived, still there is indication of a non-zero orbital angular momentum of the quarks in the nucleon [A. Airapetian et al. PRL 94 (2005) 012002].
The transverse target installed in HERMES open a window, indirectly, to the third still missing piece of the three quark distribution function, that survive integration over intrinsic transverse momenta: transversity, which describe the discribes the distribution of transversely polarized quark in a nucleon transversely polarized, but this distribution function is combined with two fragmentation function called of Collins and of Sivers.
Transverse target-spin azimuthal asymmetries measured were more precisely measureded in HERMES and constrains models for Generalized Parton Distributions .
The data have the potential to provide quantitative information about the spin content od the nucleon when GPD models becomes available that fully describe Deep Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) [A. Airapetian et al JHEP06 (2008)066].
Measurements we reported in [A. Airapetian et al. PRL 103, (2009) 152002, A. Airapetian at al. PLB 693 (2010) 11] provides important constrains on the nucleon wave function and thus indirectly on the total quark orbital angular momentum, other important piece of the spin puzzle.
Anyhow in this measurements, observing some modulations of the azimuthal asymmetries, will allow to extract more precisely the transversity in future.
Data collected during the HERMES run periode, and where CG was fundamental, for taking in charge the target and the diagnostic and analysis of it, on the side of the BRP polarimeter, are still under studies of many groups and data are available for the world community.
The spin ‘tomography’ has a lot of questions, for some of them HERMES provide a precise measurements,
for the remaining HERMES has defined the some constrains.
Transversity problem involved CG from 2006, in another project PAX, which purpose is to access directly the transversity distribution function by a collision of polarized antiproton on a polarized proton target, this last technique in the hands of Ferrara.
But in order to get polarized antiproton, this is a formidable challenge, if we’d like to get enought intesnity to be used in a storage ring.
The idea, proposed from Ferrara group, in collaboration with other international community, is to use
The polarize target as filter, then the process in called spin-filtering.
As already mentioned, this project involved CG to put in operation the polarized target of HERMES, for
Feasibility studies at COSY.
Meanwhile CG is working on the upgrading and commissioning of the target, which require a new development, an openable cell, in order to allow the injection of the antiprotons,
he still collaborate with HERMES on the Recoil Detector, managing the unpolarized target, and build in ferrara also the required accumation cell, and managing the new superconducting magnet. Then HERMES unpolarized program continues till 2007.
In the PAX collaboration CG is involved in the feasability studies of the spin-filtering process on the proton beam of COSY, with the plan to move after the test on proton on the Antiproton Decelerator at CERN.
Therefore the design and commissioning of the apparatus are performed in order to be installed in COSY and afterwards in AD. This require a lot of new solutions to be implemented.
But the PAX proposal, for FAIR Facility at GSI di Darmstadt, trigger a discussion on the methods to polarize antiprotons. CG, for the collaboration PAX, took the responsibility of the Breit-Rabi polarimeter and the responsability of the openable cell.
A first measurement performed by collaboration, in the main stream tuning COSY for the filtering program, is the measurements of cross section between circulating protons and a polarized electron target, proposed methods called spin-flip.
The measurements performed at COSY, in a complemetary way, which means measuring the depolarization of a circulating polarized beam induced by a comoving un-polarized electron beam , provided by the Superconducting Electron Cooler installed on COSY ring, evidenced a higher limit [D. Oellers et al. PLB 674 (2009) 269] for the spin-flip cross-section sezione, which is too low in order to be usefull in storage ring.
This question arises from the discussion, trigger by the PAX proposal, in its interest to have access to polarized antiproton beams, but the mentioned COSY results, does not leave any chance, than pursuing
the method of spin filtering, using polarized target. The updated and commissioned target is reported in
[G. Ciullo G. et al. JPCS 295 (2011) 012150].
The activity iniziated in 2006 has got a nicely result on measuring the spin dependent cross-section and published (W. Augustyniak et al., Phys. Lett. B 718, 2012), where again the target and its measurement and monitoring is a fundamental parte, and is under the managemente of CG.
The result confirm that PAX collaboration has under control the theory and the whole apparatus for the
Understanding and performing spin-filtering, and provide the second measurement available of this cross section.
This result open the door of its application on antiprotons for their polarization.
It is important to mention that the other measurement was performed in 1992 (FILTEX experiment), and the source and polarimeter, wich CG managed in HERMES, and after updating and commissioning he put In operation for PAX dal 2006 ad oggi, for experience, some piece and collaborator is “father” of the second
Measurement.
Technologies, competences and callaborators on this field are peculiarities of Ferrara group, and in this
CG was and is the promoter and reference.
Confirmation of this is also the conference held in Ferrara in 2009 “PST2009 Polarized Source Target and Polarimetry”, organized by CG group, this is the only conference held in Italy on this topics.
**** Last ten years description for “Abilitazione Nazionale” fine******
There are other activities, that are not inserted for the “Abilitazione Nazionale” due to the limitation of 12 publications, but for completeness is better to summarize.
CG in Ferrara put in operation and atomic beam for the study and characterization of the source, for test on intensity increase.
CG designed and developed a diagnostic system for measurement of dissociation degree and velocity distribution by time of flight system.
CG organized a laboratory for the construction of the cell, and enriched the departments of equippements useful for anyone.
CG is from the beginning a reference for the department on vacuum technology.
CG collaborate in equipping a part of the SpinLab for testing superconducting magnets.
From collaborators of the University Cyclotron Facility, he got a polarized atomic beam, that he
Updated and put in operation for tests, for teaching to master students and or PhD students.
During the 2012 it comes out a possibility of using this polarized atomic beam, in a project for the measurement of the polarized D – polarized D cross section, measurements of fundamental interest for the polarized fusion.
Language:
Italian: native speaker.
English: fluent.
Franch: high school basic.
Russian and German: autodidactic basic.
*> Education and qualification <*
9 july 1985 Classic High School diploma (60/60), Liceo Classico “Socrate” Bari.
9 july 1992 Degree in Physics (110/110 cum laude) Università degli Studi of Bari.
Degree thesis title "Study and Realization of high intense electron source from GaAS ". under the supervision of Prof. L. Tecchio. Experimental activities at the “Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL)” of INFN, on realization, characterization and optimization of
a photoemission polarized electron source.
Advanced studies of Nuclear and Subnuclear Physics for the fellowship INFN (06/1994-05/1996).
18-29 september1995 CERN School: "Intermediate Accelerator Physics Course" Eger (Ungheria).
*> Scientific Activities (in short) <*
1991 Winner of National selection for INFN scholarship as degree student.
01/09 /91 - 31/8/1992 degree student at LNL on polarized electron source, responsability of design and realization of the electron source.
Experience: laser technique (Argon, He-Ne, Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF, Ti:Sapphire) continous and pulsed, Ultra high Vacuum and electron optics.
1/9/92 - 15/6/1993: post graduated student at INFN Legnaro and INFN Ferrara.
Characterization of electron source. Time response of the GaAs electron source and its use in RF cavity. Characterization of GaAs surface by Rutherford-Back-Scattering
16/6/93 - 15/6/94 Civil Service
1994 Winner of a National selection for a 2 years research scholarship at INFN.
1994 Award of Italian Physics Society (SIF) for "Scientific Industriousness".
16/6/94 - 15/6/96 – Post graduated researcher activity at LNL -INFN.
- a) Faisability studies of "Crystal Storage Ring" (CSR), design of a storage ring for ordered ions (crystal like ion beam). Electron cooling of ion beams, test performed at Legnaro and in collaboration with the Budker Institute of Novosibirsk (Russia). Tests and measurements "Hollow Cathode" electron source: a new innovative source for electron cooling .
Test on the adiabatic cooling of ions.
- b) Still studies on time response of GaAs source and its use for high speed detector.
- c) Partecipation to the project "Study of electron ion interaction using stored cooled heavy-ion beams" of "Human Capital and Mobility of the European Community", in this frame measurement of cooling force a the storage CRYRING (Stockholm).
2 may 1996 - Winner of a selection for experimental physics research (B01A) for engineering department at University of Lecce.
1/9/96 - 2/12/96 – Consultant of Istituto Trentino di Cultura for the “Centro di Fisica degli Stati Aggregati ed Impianto Ionico (CeFSA) “ of CNR (National Center of Research) (section o Trento).
- a) Feasibility studies and designs of a surface analysis vacuum chamber.
- b) Characterization studies of molecular beams.
November 1996 Winner of a research position at CNR of Trento
2/12/96 - Researcher at CEFSA - CNR of Trento
Activities:
Molecular beams characterization and optimization.
Responsible of design and realization of an apparatus for film deposition and its surface in situ analysisis. In this main frame he realized a system for the structural and elemental equipped with surface analysis standard devices (SEM, LEED, AES, UPS, XPS) and different sources (Hyperthermal Supersonic Beam) HSB and plasma sources. New results on the synthesis of SiC from fullerene on reconstructed Si and its “in situ” characterization.
October 1999 Winner of a Research position for experimental Physics (B01A) at the university of Ferrara.
1/11//99 – Research position at the physics department of Ferrara.
Activities “Polarized sources and targets for nuclear and sub-nuclear physics”.
INFN HERMES experiment performed on the HERA ring at DESY (Hamburg).
04/2000- 03/2006 National Scientific Consultant of the INFN National Committee III.
11/1999 –july 2005
In the main frame of HERMES activities:
Responsible of the HERMES polarized Target at DESY till July 2005(end of polarized runs).
Responsible of the SpinLab laboratory in Ferrara, equipped with two atomic sources (one unpolarized and the second polarized), devoted to test on atomic sources and TargeT. And, also to High Vacuum, Ultra High Vacuum technology and Cryogenics for research and teaching.
Responsible the CoCell Laboratory, devoted to the construction of the accumulation cell for the HERMES target.
From July 2005 Still responsible of SpinLab and CoCell laboratories.
Involeved in the design and production of the cell for the Recoil Detector still in the frame of
HERMES experiment (end of run july 2007).
*> Scientific Responsability: <*
2000 - today: Responsible of the SpinLab of Ferrara, devoted to atomic beam studies and its accumulation in the mainframe of international ad european group projects.
2000 - today: responsible of the CoCell, devoted to the construction fo accumulation cells for HERMES, Recoil Detector, Olympus at DESY (Hamburg), PAX and TRIC at COSY (Juelich).
2000-2005 co-responsible fo the operation of the HERMES polarized target.
2007 - 2009 co-responsible of the target of the HERMES Recoil Detector.
2006 – ro today: responsible of the target and the Breit-Rabi polarimeter for PAX.
2007- to today: responsible of the polarized atomic beam in Ferrara, in plan to be used for polarized cross-section studies, in the mainframe of the polarized fusion.
Previous
06/96-10/99: as CNR researcher at CeFSA (Trento):
responsible of the SiC synthesis project with the in situ analysis chamber(LEED, XPS, SEM, I-gun) and the supersonic seeded beam.
09/91-06/96: INFN students and fellowship: GaAS photoemission source,
and electron cooling laboratory. With an interruption of one year for civil service.
*> Collaboration, project <*
1992-1994 Electron cooling, Photocathode and "hollow cathode", INFN project .
1994-1996 SiC project, synthesis of SiC from Fullerene seeded supersonic beam, CNR projects.
2000-2007 HERMES INFN project.
2003-2005 PRIN “ Studio di reazioni SIDIS ep -> e'hX per l'analisi della trasversalita' del nucleone”.
2005 – today: PAX INFN project.
2006-2008 PRIN: Studio di effetti di spin trasverso nel nucleone attraverso reazioni DIS semi-inclusive ep -> e'hX, processi di Drell-Yan pbar p -> l+ l- e scattering elastico pbar p.
2007-2008 PAX proposal and INFN project.
2008 - today OLYMPUS presso il DESY di Amburgo.
2009 - today PAX INFN project: feasebility studies on proton beam at COSY.
2010-2012 PRIN: Studio di effetti di spin e impulso trasversi nel nucleone attraverso reazioni DIS semi-inclusive ep -> e'hX, processi di Drell-Yan pbar p -> l+ l- e scattering elastico pbar p.
*> Management or Coordination<*
2000 - 2006 Coordinator for Ferrara in the III INFN Committee (Nuclear Physics).
2000 - today: management of SpinLab, for two ABS, vacuum and cryosystems
2000 - today: coordination of Cocell lab,
2010 - today co-management of the SiLab, laboratory for the PAX detector.
All laboratories are involved in the activity of the group and
are also operated for master students,PhD students, and thesis works.
*> Responsibility for organization:<*
2001 Co-organizer of the Workshop “HERMES collaboration Meetings” Ferrara 22-25/5/2001.
2003 Co-organizer of the Workshop “MOLECULAR POLARIZATION International Meeting on Nuclear Molecular Polarization and related topics” 16-18/06/2003.
2006 Co-organizer of the “Discussion Meeting on the FAIR-GSI Antiproton source” Ferrara 15-16/12/2006.
2007 Co-organizer of the Workshop “ANKE/PAX Workshop on Spin Physics”, Ferrara 29/maggio-1/giugno 2007.
2008 Co-organizer of the Workshop “Transversity 2008 2nd Workshop on Transverse Polarization Phenomena”, 28-31/05/2008 Ferrara.
2009 Co-0rganizer of the Workshop “PST2009 XIII International Workshop on Polarized Sources, Targets and Polarimetry” 07-11/09/2009.
*> Responsability for popularization and high school stage <*
2000-2004 Coordinator of the popularization activities of the Physics Department like "open doors" for the cultural week, promoted by the
MIUR.
2009 - Coordinator of the stage activities for high school in the main frame of the "Progetto Lauree Scienfitiche" promoted by the MIUR.
*> Editorial roles:<*
- 2nd ANKE/PAX Workshop on SPIN Physics. Editors: A.Kacharava, V.Komarov, A.Kulikov, P.Lenisa, F.Rathmann, and H.Ströher
Edizioni Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich, Key Technologie, Vol. 11, ISBN 978-3-89336-586-9.
- Tranversity 2008 Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Transverse Polarization Phenomena in Hard Processes.
Editors: Ciullo G, Contalbrigo M., Lenisa P.
World Scientific Publishing. ISBN:9789814277778.
- Polarized Sources, Targets and Polarimetry: Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop, Ferrara, Italy, 7-11 September 2009
Editors: Ciullo G., Contalbrigo M., Lenisa P.
World Scientific Publishing. ISBN: 9789814324915.
*> Teaching :<*
- "Physics II" for CL in informatics 2001-2003.
- Assistant of "Dynamics Laboratory" for CL in Physics 2001-2009
- "Vacuum Technology and Nuclear Gaseous Target" in the course "Nuclear Physics Laboratory" 2000-2009
- Vacuum Technolgoy and Polarized Nuclear Target" for PhD students 2000 - still today.
- "Mechanics and Thermodynamics" CL in Mathematics 2003-2009.
- "Dynamics Laboratory and error Theory" CL in Fisica 2009-today.
- "Physics II" CL in informatics 2012 - .
Member of the Teacher College for the PhD school 2011 - today.
Supervisor of 7 thesis,
and supporter of every thesis related to the laboratories, in which
he is responsible.
*> Scientific Activity chronologically ordered<*
The scientific activity of Ciullo Giuseppe (CG)
could be distinguished in three period, according to the
different employers and locations, but all of them are interconnect
in exchanging competences and with common denominators:
competences and capabilities in making projects of international interests, but also with attention to promote local activities.
- INFN 91-96: during his first formation years as students and fellowship at the Laboratori Nazionali of INFN (Legnaro), he pursued the purpose of obtaining polarized electron from photocathode for their use in accelerators. During this activity CG, growing in experience, became responsible of the project and found solutions, which allow to get a longer lifetime and to use the GaAs Photocathode in RF source for their use in accelerators.
Together with this result, CG worked on a deeper insight knowledge of the emission process and transport of the electrons [A.V. Aleksandrov et al. PRE 51 (1995) 1449]. For this result the contribution of CG has been fundamental for his learned capability on working with Ultra-High-Vacuum, lasers, and the capability of interpreting experimental data and find theoretical model for the interpretation, this allow to get the longest lifetime observed [R. Calabrese, et al. RSI 65 (1994) 343].
Meanwhile he took part on cooling techinque for storage ring by electron beam, in order to achieve “crystalline” beam [L. Tecchio et al. NIM A 391 (1997) 31]. In this main frame he took part on a project on “hollow” cathode electron gun without bending magnet. And for this project he visited the Budker IStitute of Nuclear Physics , working simultaneously on the apparatus of Legnaro with Russian collaborators and on installations at Novosibirsk, mainly on the "Hollow cathode gun" [Ciullo G et al. RSI 69 (1997) 59].
Close to the end of the fellowship 06/96, he was constrained to find some work.
He attended a competition for university researcher in Lecce, and he overcame the examination, but he did not get the position.
In few months, CG won a second competition for CNR researcher contract of 5 years, showing his capability on solving new questions and his documented ability in building apparatuses, where are required knowledge on UHV, laser, ion and electron optics. The research program was to realize the following idea: thanks to the kinetic energy of a supersonic seeded molecular beam synthesis new materials.
CG studies and characterizes supersonic seeded molecular beam, and proposing a modified version, bring this source in working condition for deposition of different molecules, till the evaporable temperature of about 1200 C.
After the source, in two years CG designed, projected and realized a two chamber compact system, in which on chamber house the supersonic seeded source for Fullerene, in line with a second chamber, housing sample holder and electron spectroscopies system (LEED, XPS, Auger, e-gun , ion-gun, ion sputtering ecc.) for surface analysis.
Afterwards he got the goal of realizing for the first time the synthesis of SiC from supersonic seeded fullerene beams, but at a much lower temperature of the Si substrate 800 C
[G. Ciullo, Phil. Mag. B 80 (200) 635], when the usual temperature for the standard MBE is 1000 C.
This open a new door for the possibility of SiC for electronics applications [L. Aversa, R. Verucchi, G. Ciullo et al Appl. Surf. Sc. 184 (2001) 350).
The designed source for Fullerene, can be used with any evaporable molecole till the temperature of 1200 C, this open a new research line on polimeric molecule terthiophene, pentachene ecc.
In 1999 kept his promise to build up the apparatus, to be correct opening two lines of research, today still operative, CG informed the direction that he would look around for more promising workplace, or at least more stable, than his contract.
The wealth of knowledge and autonomy in different fields atomic and molecular physics, laser physics, ion-electron optics, surface science, building of apparatus and analysis of data ecc. allow him to investigate any field.
Therefore he propose himself in a competition of University research position at Ferrara, for which the main research argument are nuclear physics and are required competence on vacuum and atomic beams for the work on polarized nuclear gaseous target.
In October 1999 he won the competition and the new responsible required him to interrupt any previous activities, because the commitments for the Ferrara group are pressing.
He start immediatelly to be involved on the Target installed on the HERA (at DESY) for the HERMES experiment and start to organize a laboratory in Ferrara devote for test on gaseous polarized atomic beam sources.
During his staying in Italy, over few weekend, he found the way to taking over the information of the system builded in Trento, and was easy because the apparatuses were in perfect state and CG already had written the operating manual. Confirmation of this is that still now the activities are on, with the PhD students trained by him, and there is a publication of the technique idea with high impact factor like [R. Felici et al. Nature Mat. 4 (2005) 688].
CG in 1999 takes part immediately to the HERMES experiment and is involved to find solutions, and/or
Fulfill the commitments of the collaboration for the Ferrara group.
In April 2000, he is elected group Coordinator for the INFN Committee III (Nuclear Physics).
In this role in less than on year, he is able to fullfill the commitments of the HERMES collaboration, for the participation of Ferrara: management of he cryogenic system of the superconducting magnet of the target, connected with the temperature control of the cell, in serie with the SC magnet, and the construction of the accumulation cell starting from 2001.
Thanks to his experience and to the confidence of the INFN Committee III in financing his project at the end of 2000, and to the workshop of Ferrara, he was able to provide the first cell for installation in may 2001.
The cell is an interesting tool itself, and the target group report this information on a dedicated paper [C. Bamgarten et al. NIM A 496 (2003) 277].
Thanks to this responsability held by the Ferrara group, and coordinated and realized by CG, the HERMES experiment could continue and increase the time of data taking, with polarized target till 2005. From
then HERMES got the best data taking, thanks to a very nice and tuned target, and with increased areal density. This result projected Ferrara group in the international landscape of expert in polarized target.
Many papers are published on this technology in collaboration with the target group of HERMES, and
others works are available on conference or on internal report, some of them allow new test on idea
till now never tested [M. stancarti et al. NIM A 594 (2008) 126].
But let come on the physics we access in the deep inelastic scattering of lepton (electron or positron) on polarized nuclear target. The results obtained at HERMES are fundamental for the nuclear spin physics.
The synthesis reported here, is limited to the requirement for the “Abilitazione Nazionale”, therefore tuning the description of 10 last year, from 2012 behind, and limited in twelve papers.
**** BeginN: Last ten years activities and proposed papers for “Abilitazione Nazionale” ******
Let synthesize the activities of the last 10 years, tuning them on the publications.
CG reports a paper on the polarized atomic beam source [A. Nass et al. NIMA 505 (2003) 633], which is a reference in the field. This source was operated till the 2005 on HERMES, by the Ferrara Group in collaboration with other international institutions, therefore it was moved to COSY (Jülich- Germania), updated and commissioned for the experiment (PAX), proposed by the Ferrara group and international collaborator.
Closely related to the target is the following paper [C. Baumgarten et al., NIMA 482 (2002) 606] ,
also of international reference, which treats the diagnostic system of the target, so-called Breit-Rabi polarimeter.
This system is the “soul” of the target, because measure the population of any quantum state
in the cell. Now in under the direct management of CG, and the to collaborator of the group, also was moved with the ABS, from DESY,where was operated with the CG collaboration till 2005, in 2006 to COSY di Jülich, updated and commissioned for the PAX project, devoted to the study on how to polarize antiproton.
Coming back to the HERMES project, which aims to understand the nucleon spin as it come put from the contribution of its constituents (quarks e gluons) and their total orbital angular momentum.
The spin structure of the nucleon, can be investigated by the deep inelastic scattering of lepton probes (electron or positron) polarized on a nuclear polarized target. The HERMES nuclear polarized target,
was operated with hydrogen (polarized), and deuterium (polarized), and allow also the injection of unpolarized gas, for systematic studies, or also in order to access information on the unpolarized structure function.
The ductility of the target, in the inversion of the polarization in less than hundred seconds, the high polarization (80 %), the increased areal density thank to the cell, the purity of the target, allow to extrat a lot of information. As first attempt HERMES provides the measurements of the polarization of quark-up (positive), quark-down (negative), ed a zero contribution from the sea quarks, with a more statistics and very low systematic uncertainties [A. Airapetian et al. Phys. Rev D 71 (2005) 012003]. In this paper we report the decomposition of the contribution to the spin over the different flavours, measurements obtained from semi-inclusive asymmetries in polarized Deep Inelastic Scattering of leptons on longitunally polarized atomic hydrogen and deuterium target, this allow us to extract quark helicity distribution functions with fewer and different model assumption than before.
The ductility of the target allow us, thanks to the possibility of using deuterium, to determinate precisely the polarized structure function g1d for deuteron, and thanks also to the possibility of measuring g1p for proton, is possible to provide a precise measurement of the contribution of all the valence quarks, and a first moment of the helicity distribution function of the strange quarks [A. Airapetian et al. Phys Rev. D 75 (2007) 012007].
More information on the parton distribution of strange sea in the proton, we are able to extract from the inclusive and semi-inclusive-charged-kaon spin asymmetries on a deuterium target [A. Airapetian et al. Phys. Lett. B 666 (2008) 446].
CG in the period 2002-2005, is involved finding a solution for the transverse polarized target, in order have the possibility in HERMES via the modulation on azimuthal asymmetries, observed for lepton DIS on a transversely polarized target.
But the transverse magnet commissioned by the DESY, was not in the specification of the field homogeneity .Thanks to the initiative of CG and the available laboratory of SpinLab in Ferrara, Ferrara group was able to install directly on the cell a correction coils, fed by 100 A. This simple idea, was considered impossible, because the cell is cooled down to 60 K, by liquid helium flow.
The Ferrara group tested the idea at the SpinLab, and in a while HERMES got its transverse polarized
target that gives new insights in the spin structure of the nucleon.
For the first time Single Spin Asymmetries (SSA) in semi-inclusive DIS on a transverse polarized target were measured. The modulation of combination of this asymmetries are correlated with the transverse polarization of the quark, or in another case with the intrinsic transverse momentum of quarks, this signals are still under investigation. One information can be derived, still there is indication of a non-zero orbital angular momentum of the quarks in the nucleon [A. Airapetian et al. PRL 94 (2005) 012002].
The transverse target installed in HERMES open a window, indirectly, to the third still missing piece of the three quark distribution function, that survive integration over intrinsic transverse momenta: transversity, which describe the discribes the distribution of transversely polarized quark in a nucleon transversely polarized, but this distribution function is combined with two fragmentation function called of Collins and of Sivers.
Transverse target-spin azimuthal asymmetries measured were more precisely measureded in HERMES and constrains models for Generalized Parton Distributions .
The data have the potential to provide quantitative information about the spin content od the nucleon when GPD models becomes available that fully describe Deep Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) [A. Airapetian et al JHEP06 (2008)066].
Measurements we reported in [A. Airapetian et al. PRL 103, (2009) 152002, A. Airapetian at al. PLB 693 (2010) 11] provides important constrains on the nucleon wave function and thus indirectly on the total quark orbital angular momentum, other important piece of the spin puzzle.
Anyhow in this measurements, observing some modulations of the azimuthal asymmetries, will allow to extract more precisely the transversity in future.
Data collected during the HERMES run periode, and where CG was fundamental, for taking in charge the target and the diagnostic and analysis of it, on the side of the BRP polarimeter, are still under studies of many groups and data are available for the world community.
The spin ‘tomography’ has a lot of questions, for some of them HERMES provide a precise measurements,
for the remaining HERMES has defined the some constrains.
Transversity problem involved CG from 2006, in another project PAX, which purpose is to access directly the transversity distribution function by a collision of polarized antiproton on a polarized proton target, this last technique in the hands of Ferrara.
But in order to get polarized antiproton, this is a formidable challenge, if we’d like to get enought intesnity to be used in a storage ring.
The idea, proposed from Ferrara group, in collaboration with other international community, is to use
The polarize target as filter, then the process in called spin-filtering.
As already mentioned, this project involved CG to put in operation the polarized target of HERMES, for
Feasibility studies at COSY.
Meanwhile CG is working on the upgrading and commissioning of the target, which require a new development, an openable cell, in order to allow the injection of the antiprotons,
he still collaborate with HERMES on the Recoil Detector, managing the unpolarized target, and build in ferrara also the required accumation cell, and managing the new superconducting magnet. Then HERMES unpolarized program continues till 2007.
In the PAX collaboration CG is involved in the feasability studies of the spin-filtering process on the proton beam of COSY, with the plan to move after the test on proton on the Antiproton Decelerator at CERN.
Therefore the design and commissioning of the apparatus are performed in order to be installed in COSY and afterwards in AD. This require a lot of new solutions to be implemented.
But the PAX proposal, for FAIR Facility at GSI di Darmstadt, trigger a discussion on the methods to polarize antiprotons. CG, for the collaboration PAX, took the responsibility of the Breit-Rabi polarimeter and the responsability of the openable cell.
A first measurement performed by collaboration, in the main stream tuning COSY for the filtering program, is the measurements of cross section between circulating protons and a polarized electron target, proposed methods called spin-flip.
The measurements performed at COSY, in a complemetary way, which means measuring the depolarization of a circulating polarized beam induced by a comoving un-polarized electron beam , provided by the Superconducting Electron Cooler installed on COSY ring, evidenced a higher limit [D. Oellers et al. PLB 674 (2009) 269] for the spin-flip cross-section sezione, which is too low in order to be usefull in storage ring.
This question arises from the discussion, trigger by the PAX proposal, in its interest to have access to polarized antiproton beams, but the mentioned COSY results, does not leave any chance, than pursuing
the method of spin filtering, using polarized target. The updated and commissioned target is reported in
[G. Ciullo G. et al. JPCS 295 (2011) 012150].
The activity iniziated in 2006 has got a nicely result on measuring the spin dependent cross-section and published (W. Augustyniak et al., Phys. Lett. B 718, 2012), where again the target and its measurement and monitoring is a fundamental parte, and is under the managemente of CG.
The result confirm that PAX collaboration has under control the theory and the whole apparatus for the
Understanding and performing spin-filtering, and provide the second measurement available of this cross section.
This result open the door of its application on antiprotons for their polarization.
It is important to mention that the other measurement was performed in 1992 (FILTEX experiment), and the source and polarimeter, wich CG managed in HERMES, and after updating and commissioning he put In operation for PAX dal 2006 ad oggi, for experience, some piece and collaborator is “father” of the second
Measurement.
Technologies, competences and callaborators on this field are peculiarities of Ferrara group, and in this
CG was and is the promoter and reference.
Confirmation of this is also the conference held in Ferrara in 2009 “PST2009 Polarized Source Target and Polarimetry”, organized by CG group, this is the only conference held in Italy on this topics.
**** Last ten years description for “Abilitazione Nazionale” fine******
There are other activities, that are not inserted for the “Abilitazione Nazionale” due to the limitation of 12 publications, but for completeness is better to summarize.
CG in Ferrara put in operation and atomic beam for the study and characterization of the source, for test on intensity increase.
CG designed and developed a diagnostic system for measurement of dissociation degree and velocity distribution by time of flight system.
CG organized a laboratory for the construction of the cell, and enriched the departments of equippements useful for anyone.
CG is from the beginning a reference for the department on vacuum technology.
CG collaborate in equipping a part of the SpinLab for testing superconducting magnets.
From collaborators of the University Cyclotron Facility, he got a polarized atomic beam, that he
Updated and put in operation for tests, for teaching to master students and or PhD students.
During the 2012 it comes out a possibility of using this polarized atomic beam, in a project for the measurement of the polarized D – polarized D cross section, measurements of fundamental interest for the polarized fusion.
Language:
Italian: native speaker.
English: fluent.
Franch: high school basic.
Russian and German: autodidactic basic.
